A brain tumor is a collection or mass of abnormal cells in your brain. Your skull, which surrounds your brain, is very hard. Any development within such a confined space can cause problems.
Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). When benign or malignant tumors grow, they can increase the pressure inside your skull. It can damage the brain.
Brain tumors are categorized as primary or secondary:
A primary brain tumor – Brain tumor symptoms depend on many factors, including the location and size of the tumor. For example, if the tumor is located near the motor part of the brain, the patient may experience weakness on one side of the body. If the tumor is near the speech area, symptoms may include difficulty speaking or understanding language.Even small brain tumors can affect brain function in the area where they have grown, depending on the brain function associated with the tumor. Primary brain tumors can cause seizures, headaches, nausea and vomiting.
A secondary brain tumor – Secondary brain cancer occurs when cancer that started elsewhere in the body spreads to the brain.
Primary cancer is where the cancer starts. If some cancer cells break away from the primary cancer, they can travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to another part of the body, where they can form a new tumor. This is called secondary cancer. Secondary cancer is also called metastasis.
Who do brain tumors affect?
Brain tumors affect children and adults and can develop at any age. They are slightly more common in males assigned at birth (AMAB) than in females assigned at birth (AFAB).
Meningioma, which is usually benign, is the only type of brain tumor that is more common in people with AFAB.
The most serious type of brain tumor, glioblastoma, is becoming more common in the elderly than in the general population.
Causes
Researchers know that brain tumors form when certain genes on a cell’s chromosomes are damaged and don’t work properly, but they aren’t sure why. Your DNA in your chromosomes tells all the cells in your body what to do – it tells them when to grow, when to divide or multiply and/or when to die.
When brain cells change DNA, it gives new instructions to your brain cells. Your body produces abnormal brain cells that grow and multiply faster than normal and sometimes last longer than normal. When this happens, a population of abnormally growing cells takes over your brain.In some cases, a person may be born with mutations in one or more of these genes. Environmental factors, such as exposure to large amounts of radiation from X-rays or previous cancer treatments, can cause further damage.
Brain tumors (whether primary or metastatic, benign or malignant) are usually treated with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy—alone or in various combinations. While it is true that radiation and chemotherapy are often used for malignant, residual, or recurrent tumors, the decision is made on a case-by-case basis and depends on many factors. All types of therapy have risks and side effects associated with them.
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